Cool IEnumerable Tricks Part 1: GroupBy

IEnumerable, or what most people refer to as LINQ, has changed the way I program. If you love LINQ and you already fully understand this blog post, leave a comment with a topic you'd like me to post about. If you're not so comfortable with LINQ, try to follow along. This post will only take a few minutes, but may change the way you program for life.

While we go through this blog post (and future posts in this series) make sure you understand how every function works, if you don't understand a function, you certainly won't understand the next function. Some of this stuff is hard to grasp and I find the best way to understand the code is to try it in a debugger. It took me a few tries to wrap my head around what is going on, so expect to spend some time experimenting with this code.

I learn best when I'm trying to solve a problem, so lets define a simple problem: How to determine if the random number generator equally distributes integers mod 10.

Step 1: Generate a stream of random numbers:

var seed = new Random();
var countSamples = 10*1000
var randomStream = Enumerable.Range(0,countSamples).Select(r=>seed.Next());

In the above sample, we generate countSamples random numbers. We do this by producing countSamples integers via Enumerables.Range, than for each of those integers we apply a transformation. In this case the transformation ignores the input value, and returns a random number.

Step 2: Compute how many of each random number have each modulus (0..9).

randomStream.GroupBy(r=>r%10).Select(x=>new {x.Key,count=x.Count()}).OrderBy(r=>r.Key);

In the above sample, we use GroupBy to split the random numbers into groups based on their %10 value. For each group, we return a new object containing the modulus (x.Key) and the count of each group. Finally we sort based on the modulus.  The output is below:

Key	count
0	959
1	938
2	1037
3	1028
4	951
5	1009
6	1029
7	1011
8	1038
9	1000

In a future post I'll describe how to create our own IEnumerable functions.

Posted in: c#,linq